Modals
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Modals In English Grammar In Hindi Practice Sheets || Modals Pdf Notes
Can ,Culd ,May, Might ,Shall, Should, Will ,Would, Must, Ought to, Used to ,Need ,और Dare को Modals या Auxiliaries कहा जाता है।
Modal Verbs भी Tense Formation में Main Verbs की सहायता करते है -
(A) Primary Auxiliaries (do , does, is , am ,are , was, were , has , have , had) का प्रयोग Full verb और Helping Verb दोनों रूप में होता है | इसे हम पहले ही जान चुके है। लेकिन Modals Auxiliaries ('Need 'और 'Dare'को छोड़कर ) का प्रयोग केवल Helping Verb के रूप में होता है।
(B) Primary Auxiliaries का Form (-s/es,v1,v2,.....v-ing )Subject के Number या Person के अनुसार बदल जाता है ,लेकिन Modals Auxiliaries का Form सभी Persons और Number के साथ समान रहता है ;
जैसे - I can do this work .
You may come.
(C) Helping Verb के बाद Main Verbs में परिवर्तन हो जाता है।
जैसे - I am going .
They have gone.
लेकिन Modals के बाद Main Verb में परिवर्तन नहीं होता है।
जैसे -I Shall write a letter .
He will write a letter.
(D) Modals के Negative Verb Forms के Formation के लिए इनके बाद Not का तथा Interrogative Verb Form के लिए इन्हे (Modals को )Subject से पहले प्रयोग किया जाता है ;
जैसे -Tinku can do this work.
Tinku cannot do this work.
Can Tinku do this work?
Uses of the Modals Auxiliaries
1. Use of can
➤➤ To express ability which may be physical ,mental or circumstantial .
(शारीरिक /मानसिक /परिस्थितिजन्य क्षमता /योग्यता दर्शाने के लिए )
जैसे - I can do this work.
I can face any trouble.
He can solve this problem within an hour.
(i) 'Can 'का Present Tense Form का मतलब होता है - 'am /is /are +able to;
जैसे - She can pass the examination. = She is able to pass the examination .
(ii)'Can'का Future Tense Form का मतलब होता है - 'Shall/Will+be +able to'
जैसे -I can do it tomorrow .= I shall be able to do it tomorrow.
➤➤ Can का प्रयोग 'know how to'के अर्थ में किया जाता है
जैसे - He can operate the computer.
= He knows how to operate the computer.
➤➤ Can का प्रयोग 'have the right to 'के अर्थ में किया जाता है ;
जैसे -You cannot enter the examination hall.
=You do not have the right to enter the examination hall.
➤➤ To express possibility (सम्भावना बताने के लिए )
जैसे -This news can be true. This news cannot be true.
➤➤ To express permission(अनुमति /आज्ञा के लिए )
जैसे -You can stay here.=I allow you to stay here.
➤➤ To express offer /request (पेशकश /अनुरोध के अर्थ में )
जैसे -Can I bring you a chair to sit in ?
Can I carry your bag?
➤➤ To express Purpose ( उद्देश्य को बताने के अर्थ में )
जैसे - I read this book so that I can learn English correctly.
जैसे - I read this book so that I can learn English correctly.
2. Use Of Could
➤➤ To express Past Ability (भूतकाल में निहित क्षमता बताने के लिए )
जैसे- He could get a job .
=He was able to get a job.
To express conditions (शर्त की अभिव्यक्ति के लिए )
जैसे -If he were a minister ,he could buy an aeroplane.
He could help me ,if I asked for it.
To express a polite request (विनम्र अनुरोध \अनुमति व्यक्त करने के लिए )
जैसे - Can I come in ?
Could I come in ?
To express ability in the present or future (वर्तमान या भविष्यत कालीन क्षमता की अभिव्यक्ति के लिए
जैसे -You could of course do well if you study regularly .
You could solve this problem inno time .
To express possibility in the past (could +have +v3) (विगत या अतीत में किसी बात या चीज की संभावना बताने के लिए )
जैसे -You could have done the work alone .
I could have answered the questions .
Use of May
To express Possibility (संभावना व्यक्त करने के लिए )
जैसे - It may rain today.
She may come tomorrow.
To express permission (अनुमति माँगने के लिए )
जैसे -May I come in ? =(Am I allowed to come in ?)
He may go now . = (I allow him to go now .)
To express uncertainty (
जैसे - Who may be knocking at the door ? (It is uncertain who is knocking at the door.)
Who may be there ?(It is uncertain who is there.)
To express wish or prayer in Optative Sentences (इच्छा या कामना अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए )
जैसे - May you live long !
May success kiss your feet !
To express request (अनुरोध जताने के लिए )
जैसे -May I use your pen ?
May I have your pen please?
To express purpose (मकसद बताने के लिए )
जैसे -Tinku is working hard so that he may succeed .
I am going to him so that I may establish a batter relation with him .
To express offer (प्रस्ताव या पेशकश अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए )
जैसे - May I lift your box ?
May I get something for you ?
To express the sense of ''There is good reason for ''(किसी चीज का सही कारण '-इस अर्थ में )
जैसे - The Principal may as well cancel the admission .
( There is good reason for the Principal to cancel the admission .)
I may as well help him .
(There is good reason for me to help him .)
To express imagination in the past (may +have +v3) )(बीते समय में किसी काल्पनिक संभावना के लिए )
जैसे - She may have worked hard .
You may not have studied properly.
जैसे - He said to me ,''I may teach you English .''
He told me that he might teach me English.
To express Possibility in Present or Future (वर्तमान या भविष्य में किसी संभावना के लिए )
जैसे - It might rain today .
The train might be late .
To express polite request /permission(विनम्र अनुरोध /अनुमति के लिए )
जैसे - Might I use your pen .?
You might speak in the meeting .
To express purpose in the past (भूतकाल में किसी मकसद के लिए )
जैसे -He ran so fast that he might catch the train .
She worked hard so that she might pass.
To express the sense of ''There is good reason for .
जैसे -You might as well start a new business.
We might as well postpone the programme.
To express unfulfilled possibility in the past (might +have +v3) (बीते समय में अपूर्ण संभावना बतलाने के लिए )
जैसे - She might have done the work .
The problem might have been solved .
जैसे - I must go now . I have to go naw .
He must consult a good doctor at once . He has to consult a good doctor at once .
To express Necessity /Compulsion in the future ( भविष्य में आवश्यकता या अनिवार्यता व्यक्त करने के लिए )
जैसे - You must vacate the room by tomorrow . (You will have to vacate the room by tomorrow .)
I must complete it by tomorrow evening . (I shall have to complete it by tomorrow evening .)
To express a Permanent Ruling or prohibition( स्थायी निर्णय /आदेश या निषेध मनाही व्यक्त करने के लिए ) जैसे - We must follow the traffic rules .
We must nat move in the wrong side of the road .
To express Emphatic Advice /Determination (जोरदार सलाह या पक्का इरादा बतलाने के लिए )
जैसे - You must give up smoking .
We must crush the terrorists.
To express a Sense of Duty (कर्तव्यबोध व्यक्त करने के लिए )
जैसे - We must respect our elders.
We must serve our country.
To express strong possibility (प्रबल संभावना बताने के लिए)
जैसे - There must be something wrong.
There must be a school in this area.
जैसे- He could get a job .
=He was able to get a job.
To express conditions (शर्त की अभिव्यक्ति के लिए )
जैसे -If he were a minister ,he could buy an aeroplane.
He could help me ,if I asked for it.
To express a polite request (विनम्र अनुरोध \अनुमति व्यक्त करने के लिए )
जैसे - Can I come in ?
Could I come in ?
To express ability in the present or future (वर्तमान या भविष्यत कालीन क्षमता की अभिव्यक्ति के लिए
जैसे -You could of course do well if you study regularly .
You could solve this problem inno time .
To express possibility in the past (could +have +v3) (विगत या अतीत में किसी बात या चीज की संभावना बताने के लिए )
जैसे -You could have done the work alone .
I could have answered the questions .
Use of May
To express Possibility (संभावना व्यक्त करने के लिए )
जैसे - It may rain today.
She may come tomorrow.
To express permission (अनुमति माँगने के लिए )
जैसे -May I come in ? =(Am I allowed to come in ?)
He may go now . = (I allow him to go now .)
To express uncertainty (
जैसे - Who may be knocking at the door ? (It is uncertain who is knocking at the door.)
Who may be there ?(It is uncertain who is there.)
To express wish or prayer in Optative Sentences (इच्छा या कामना अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए )
जैसे - May you live long !
May success kiss your feet !
To express request (अनुरोध जताने के लिए )
जैसे -May I use your pen ?
May I have your pen please?
To express purpose (मकसद बताने के लिए )
जैसे -Tinku is working hard so that he may succeed .
I am going to him so that I may establish a batter relation with him .
To express offer (प्रस्ताव या पेशकश अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए )
जैसे - May I lift your box ?
May I get something for you ?
To express the sense of ''There is good reason for ''(किसी चीज का सही कारण '-इस अर्थ में )
जैसे - The Principal may as well cancel the admission .
( There is good reason for the Principal to cancel the admission .)
I may as well help him .
(There is good reason for me to help him .)
To express imagination in the past (may +have +v3) )(बीते समय में किसी काल्पनिक संभावना के लिए )
जैसे - She may have worked hard .
You may not have studied properly.
USE of Might
Might का प्रयोग May के past equivalent के रूप में किया जाता है इसलिए Indirect Narration में May की जगह पर Might का प्रयोग किया जाता हैजैसे - He said to me ,''I may teach you English .''
He told me that he might teach me English.
To express Possibility in Present or Future (वर्तमान या भविष्य में किसी संभावना के लिए )
जैसे - It might rain today .
The train might be late .
To express polite request /permission(विनम्र अनुरोध /अनुमति के लिए )
जैसे - Might I use your pen .?
You might speak in the meeting .
To express purpose in the past (भूतकाल में किसी मकसद के लिए )
जैसे -He ran so fast that he might catch the train .
She worked hard so that she might pass.
To express the sense of ''There is good reason for .
जैसे -You might as well start a new business.
We might as well postpone the programme.
To express unfulfilled possibility in the past (might +have +v3) (बीते समय में अपूर्ण संभावना बतलाने के लिए )
जैसे - She might have done the work .
The problem might have been solved .
Use of Must
To express Necessity /Compulsion in the Present (वर्तमान की आवश्यकता या अनिवार्यता व्यक्त करने के लिए )जैसे - I must go now . I have to go naw .
He must consult a good doctor at once . He has to consult a good doctor at once .
To express Necessity /Compulsion in the future ( भविष्य में आवश्यकता या अनिवार्यता व्यक्त करने के लिए )
जैसे - You must vacate the room by tomorrow . (You will have to vacate the room by tomorrow .)
I must complete it by tomorrow evening . (I shall have to complete it by tomorrow evening .)
To express a Permanent Ruling or prohibition( स्थायी निर्णय /आदेश या निषेध मनाही व्यक्त करने के लिए ) जैसे - We must follow the traffic rules .
We must nat move in the wrong side of the road .
To express Emphatic Advice /Determination (जोरदार सलाह या पक्का इरादा बतलाने के लिए )
जैसे - You must give up smoking .
We must crush the terrorists.
To express a Sense of Duty (कर्तव्यबोध व्यक्त करने के लिए )
जैसे - We must respect our elders.
We must serve our country.
To express strong possibility (प्रबल संभावना बताने के लिए)
जैसे - There must be something wrong.
There must be a school in this area.
Hello, my name is Jack Sparrow. I'm a 50 year old self-employed Pirate from the Caribbean.